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Miniopterus mahafaliensis
''Miniopterus mahafaliensis'' is a bat in the genus ''Miniopterus'' that occurs in southwestern Madagascar. Populations of this species have historically been included in ''Miniopterus manavi'', but molecular data published in 2008 and 2009 indicate that this supposed species in fact consists of five separate species, including the newly described ''M. mahafaliensis''. The species has been found in dry, spiny, and gallery forest, as well as more open habitats, in southwestern Madagascar.
''Miniopterus mahafaliensis'' is a small, brown ''Miniopterus''; its forearm length is 35 to 40 mm (1.4 to 1.6 in). The hairs of the underparts have gray tips. The tragus (a projection in the outer ear) is thick and blunt-tipped. The uropatagium (tail membrane) is well-furred and the palate is concave.
==Taxonomy==
During the 2000s, molecular studies have revealed that the widely distributed African, Eurasian, and Australian genus ''Miniopterus'' is much more species-rich than previously thought. In a 1995 contribution to ''Faune de Madagascar'' on Malagasy bats, Randolph Peterson and colleagues listed four species of ''Miniopterus'' on Madagascar and the nearby Comoros, including the small ''Miniopterus manavi'' with a broad distribution on both Madagascar and the Comoros.〔Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 340〕 In 2008 and 2009, however, Steven Goodman and colleagues presented evidence that the former concept of ''M. manavi'' in fact encompassed five morphologically and molecularly distinct species of small ''Miniopterus''.〔Weyeneth et al., 2008; Goodman et al., 2009a, 2009b〕 These included ''M. manavi'' itself in the Central Highlands, ''M. griveaudi'' and ''M. aelleni'' in the Comoros and northern and western Madagascar, ''M. brachytragos'' in northern and western Madagascar only, and ''M. mahafaliensis'' in southwestern Madagascar.〔Goodman et al., 2009a, fig. 1; 2009b, fig. 1〕 The five recognized species of ''M. manavi''-like bats are not each other's closest relatives, but apparently acquired their similarities through convergent evolution.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 28〕
''Miniopterus mahafaliensis'' was described as a new species in the second 2009 paper by Goodman and colleagues.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 9〕 The specific name is derived from the Malagasy word ''Mahafaly'', which refers to the Mahafaly Plateau, where the specimen has been recorded, and to the Mahafaly ethnic group of the region.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 28〕 Analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome ''b'' gene suggested that ''M. brachytragos'' is most closely related to another Malagasy species, ''M. sororculus''.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, fig. 2〕 Although samples of ''M. mahafaliensis'' differed from each other by a maximum of 2.2% in their cytochrome ''b'', Goodman and colleagues could not discern any phylogeographic structure within the species.〔Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 27〕
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